![]() ![]() In this research, we refer to Nakamoto's seminal paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" (2008) to consider his proposed abstracted characteristics and how auditors could look at companies' transactions interfacing to a private/semi-private blockchain with Nakamoto's general characteristics and address the related audit domain for such transactions. Beyond informing academics, our paper has implications for audit practitioners and regulators as they seek to manage auditors' behavior and audit quality through quality control initiatives. We identify and discuss seven climate and culture themes (organizational control, leadership, ethical, regulatory, professionalism, commercialism, and socialization) rooted within audit firms and studied by audit academics. We find that the audit literature on firm climate and culture is vast but fragmented. This paper's objectives include introducing the constructs of organizational climate and culture and their application to audit research, reviewing the audit literature to synthesize climate and culture findings, and suggesting future research opportunities. Organizational climate and culture are important to any organization but are particularly important in auditing because of the unique tension among being a regulated profession, a for-profit organization, and performing independent audits on behalf of the public interest. This paper synthesizes research related to audit firm climate and culture. Three themes emerged for future research: authentication of evidence, global differences in technology use, and technology adoption across firms of different sizes. Error rates and error types do not vary between confirmations initiated in the U.S. Big 4 auditors made significantly more confirmation errors than did auditors at non-Big 4 national firms. Most auditor errors involved use of an invalid account number, although invalid client contact, invalid request, and invalid company name errors increased recently. Errors made by auditors were almost five times more likely than errors by bank employees. Errors requiring reconfirmation were less than two percent of all electronic confirmations. We find a significant increase in electronic confirmation use in the U.S. confirmation service provider supplemented with informal interviews with practitioners. This exploratory study examines automation of the bank confirmation process using longitudinal data set from the largest third-party U.S. ![]()
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